1Kabul, Afghanistan

Kabul, the capital of Afghanistan, faces severe pollution due to a combination of rapid urbanization, poor infrastructure, and ongoing conflict.

The city suffers from inadequate waste management, with garbage often piling up in streets and rivers, contaminating the environment and water supply. Air pollution is exacerbated by the widespread use of old, inefficient vehicles and burning of low-quality fuel for heating. Industrial activity, along with dust from unpaved roads, further contributes to Kabul’s poor air quality, making it one of the dirtiest cities in the world.

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