5Lagos, Nigeria

Lagos is Africa’s largest city, but its rapid urban expansion has outpaced the development of adequate infrastructure. Waste disposal and sanitation services are often insufficient, resulting in waste piling up in streets and clogging drainage systems.

The city’s slums are particularly affected, with residents often exposed to toxic environments filled with garbage and polluted water. In addition, air pollution caused by traffic congestion, unregulated emissions from industries, and the widespread use of generators further compounds the city’s environmental challenges.