2Manila, Philippines

Manila, one of the most densely populated cities in the world, faces significant environmental challenges due to overpopulation and poor infrastructure.

The Pasig River, once a vital waterway, is now considered biologically dead due to the large amounts of untreated sewage and industrial waste dumped into it. The city’s air quality is also deteriorating, with emissions from vehicles and factories contributing to pollution levels that often exceed international standards. Inadequate waste disposal systems result in garbage accumulating in public spaces, further adding to the city’s environmental woes.

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